Studs, plates, headers, rafters, girders, flooring and joists are all terms used to identify different components in framing. Extends diagonally from the corner of the plate to the ridge at the intersection of two surfaces of a hip roof. A basic, conventional roof consists of rafters, ceiling joists, and a ridge board, as shown in figure 173. Above, figure 1609, basic wind speed 3second gust, 33 feet above ground, exposure c ibc 2003 zone v 30 mph 1 2 3 70 80 90 western mass. A basic, conventional roof consists of rafters, collar ties, ceiling joists, and a ridge board. In a rafter roof, all of these components are required to provide a stable roof. Horizontal framing pieces in a cornice installed to provide fastening for the soffit. Types of roofs the most commonly used types of pitched roof construction are the gable, the hip, the intersecting, and the shed or leanto.
The rafters carry the applied loads to the exterior walls. Rafter tables rake rafter dormer shortened valley rafter 6. Modern construction methods make use of another type of roof structure and this. Framing is the process of connecting building materials together to create a structure. Follow accepted building techniques when framing a wall. Depending on building complexity, roof design, and other vari.
Historically, boards were used for roof, floor, and wall sheathing. A rafteris an inclined member of the roof framework. A ridge board is a horizontal member of the roof frame. Roof coverings 71 materials 71 wood shingles 71 asphalt shingles 73 roofs 74. Explain the layout of a common rafter, using at least one of the four basic methods. When roof framing it all begins with the framing square and the layout of the common rafter. All necessary cuts for a particular rafter can be laid out with these two squares. The rise, or height of the roof at its peak, is the altitude of the triangle. For basic designs, a simple floor plan, a few speci. The amount of slope to a roof expressed as ratio of the total rise to the span. Ceiling and roof framing 40 ceiling joists 40 flush ceiling framing 42 post and beam framing 42 roof slopes 44 flat roofs 45 pitched roofs 45 valleys 48 dormers 48 overhangs 48 ridge beam roof details 49.
It was no coincidence that the other contractor ran out of money and had to. Wall framing two types of framing balloon platform two types of walls load bearing designed to support the weight of a floor or roof system above it nonload bearing serves no structural support just for separation typical stud spacing 16 o. Inline framingalign floor, wall, and roof framing members directly above or below one another so that loads are transferred directly downward. Floor framing on top wall framing in middle roof framing on bottom t was a coincidence that another contractor and i began framing houses next door to one another on the same day. Roof framing plans roof framing plans are usually required for complicated residential roof shapes and for most commercial projects. The plan reader should be familiar with roof styles and the rafter components of these designs to calculate roof framing materials and framing labor. Understand the basic terms relating to roofframing carpentry. A structure that projects out from a sloping roof to form another roofed area to provide a surface for the installation of windows. More complex roofs include valley rafters and jack rafters see.
This simple device is crammed with tables, data and tricks that allow a carpenter to lay out roof rafters, stairs, or other building features. I look at some mcmansions and am just boggled by the complexity of the roof lines. If you have some basic knowledge of carpentry tools, you can frame a wall. Wcd1 details for conventional wood frame construction. Dec 22, 2014 when roof framing it all begins with the framing square and the layout of the common rafter. With platformframe construction, shown below, walls sit on top of. Define ridge board, rafter, hip, valley, sheathing, fascia, soffit, dormer,and pitch. This support is usually a beam which is secured under the rafters at a point half way between the ridge and the wallplate. Extension of roof sheathing at gable ends 59 sheathing at chimney openings 61 sheathing at valleys and hips 61 chapter 10. Rafters act more like the top chord of a roof truss than as a roof joist. Other firestopping requires 2inch lumber or two thicknesses of 1inch lumber with staggered joints, or one thickness of. At the end of a days work, you can see the fruits of your labor standing tall in the sky. Our ebay id is crosstheabyss please visit our current ebay auctions by clicking here.
Follow these guidelines and techniques to make the job go smoothly. Unlike finish carpentry, framing doesnt have to look perfect or satisfy your desire to fit together two pieces of wood precisely. Framing a roof berlinboylston regional school district. Roof structures roofs section1 module 3 sheet 12section double roofs a double roof is a roof whose rafters are of such a length that they require an intermediate support.
Two basic types of center beamswood and steelare commonly used. Test your basic knowledge of carpentry roof framing vocab. Basic roof framing instructions roof framing, gable roof. The gable is the most common, and it can be complicated with multiple roof lines. Would the framing labor and material for a steep pitch victorian roof be the similar to a colonial. The first approach to achieving a strong, durable struc. In the following section, well cover some of the more common roof and rafter terms youll need. Exterior trim and millwork 63 materials used for trim 63 cornice construction 63 rake or gableend finish 65 chapter 11.
A roofing or framing square is a steel square which consists of two arms set at. But regardless how you produce all the rafters that go into a house, the basic principles remain the same for every method. There are many nuances and tricks that can take years to master, but simplistic and basic roof framing can be learned in as little as 30 minutes. The general arrangement of rafters shown in the larger drawing.
Framing and closing in the sections contained in this chapter address the tasks related to erecting the structural framing for the house. Framing roof framing framing square framing questions ten rules for framing framing and exploration metal framing problem framing problem framing examples basic roof framing timber framing construction wood roof framing husky framing nailer framing structural wall commercial wood framing framing design challenge porch roof framing framing. Walls define features in homes and businesses, dividing rooms and creating halls and walkways. Gable end studs hip rafter gable roof lateral bracing 26. The framing of a basic gable roof is based on a rightangle triangle, and the various roof framing components fit the triangle.
Whether youre building a house, an addition, or a simple wall, the goals when framing are strength, efficiency, and accuracy. Heavy framing consists of framing members at least 6 inches in dimension timber construction. Modern construction methods make use of another type of roof structure and this is. The rafter square and framing square save time on roof construction. However, if the roof also contains hips and valleys, it should either be shingled or roofed with metal shingles or standing seam to help prevent roof leaks. If you have at least real basic carpentry knowledge and follow this book and do the mock ups and take it seriously you will learn to cut just about any roof. A roof framing plan shows the size and direction of the construction 425 figure 20.
Feb 4, 2015 when roof framing it all begins with the framing square and the layout of the common rafter. Sills and plates normally provide adequate firestopping in walls and partitions. Long, unsupported areas between walls are spanned by builtup roof trusses. The trick to simple roof framing is to ensure the wall system that the roof rests upon is level, plumb and square. But by the time his house was framed, mine was shingled, wired, and plumbed. Roof pitch the roof pitch is the numerical measure of how steep or shallow a roof is. Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and check out our resources for adapting to these times. Framing terms knowing the basic vocabulary is a necessary part of your work as a builder. The polygon rafter tables are referenced by the number of sides in the polygon with the name of the polygon given if it has less than 16 sides. Gable a gable roof has a ridge at the center and slopes in two directions. Figure 63, page 64, shows the details of heavy framing. Backing the hip total rise cripple jack rafter pitch 25.
A framing square is a lot more than a simple squarecut saw guide. Most small houses have a simple gable roof, or an integration of 2 gable roofs perpendicular to each other. Most wood used in lightframe residential construction takes the form of. Basic roof framing instructions carpentryproframer. A mastery of roof framing with hip, valley, and jack rafters is what distinguishes the true hip rafters 18. Window and door framing 34 endwall framing 36 interior walls 38 lath nailers 39 chapter 7. The advantage to framing a roof for a small house is that it most likely will be of a simpler design. Part of a framing plan for a hip roof is shown in figure 183. With inline framing, double top plates can be eliminated because the load is distributed evenly through the top plate. Framing carpentry basic instruction on various framing techniques such as, framing a wall, framing a door, and roof framing. Remember that a line on the framing plan indicating a rafter represents the total run of the rafter, but not its actual length. Roof framing terms are related to the parts of a triangle.